- NAME
- DESCRIPTION
- Core Enhancements
  - Upgrade to Unicode 6.2
- Security
  - Avoid calling memset with a negative count
- Incompatible Changes
  - New Restrictions in Multi-Character Case-Insensitive Matching in Regular Expression Bracketed Character Classes
  - Change to Warnings About Lexical Subroutines
- Modules and Pragmata
  - Updated Modules and Pragmata
- Diagnostics
  - Changes to Existing Diagnostics
- Utility Changes
  - - h2xs
- Platform Support
  - Discontinued Platforms
  - Platform-Specific Notes
- Internal Changes
- Selected Bug Fixes
- Acknowledgements
- Reporting Bugs
- SEE ALSO

# utf8NAME

perl5175delta - what is new for perl v5.17.5

# DESCRIPTION

This document describes differences between the 5.17.4 release and the 5.17.5 release.

If you are upgrading from an earlier release such as 5.17.3, first read perl5174delta, which describes differences between 5.17.3 and 5.17.4.

# Core Enhancements

## Upgrade to Unicode 6.2

Perl now supports the final version of Unicode 6.2. Earlier releases in the 5.17 series supported Unicode 6.2 beta versions. There were no substantive changes in the final Unicode 6.2 version from the most recent beta, included in Perl 5.17.4. A list of changes from Unicode 6.1 is at http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode6.2.0.

# Security

## Avoid calling memset with a negative count

Poorly written perl code that allows an attacker to specify the count to perl's `x` string repeat operator can already cause a memory exhaustion denial-of-service attack. A flaw in versions of perl before 5.15.5 can escalate that into a heap buffer overrun; coupled with versions of glibc before 2.16, it possibly allows the execution of arbitrary code.

The flaw addressed to this commit has been assigned identifier CVE-2012-5195.

# Incompatible Changes

## New Restrictions in Multi-Character Case-Insensitive Matching in Regular Expression Bracketed Character Classes

Unicode has now withdrawn their previous recommendation for regular expressions to automatically handle cases where a single character can match multiple characters case-insensitively; for example, the letter LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S and the sequence `ss`. This is because it turns out to be impracticable to do this correctly in all circumstances. Because Perl has tried to do this as best it can, it will continue to do so. (We are considering an option to turn it off.) However, a new restriction is being added on such matches when they occur in [bracketed] character classes. People were specifying things such as `/[\0-\xff]/i`, and being surprised that it matches the two character sequence `ss` (since LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S occurs in this range). This behavior is also inconsistent with the using a property instead of a range: `\p{Block=Latin1}` also includes LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S, but `/[\p{Block=Latin1}]/i` does not match `ss`. The new rule is that for there to be a multi-character case-insensitive match within a bracketed character class, the character must be explicitly listed, and not as an end point of a range. This more closely obeys the Principle of Least Astonishment. See "Bracketed Character Classes" in perlrecharclass. Note that a bug [perl #89774], now fixed as part of this change, prevented the previous behavior from working fully.

## Change to Warnings About Lexical Subroutines

The warnings category for lexical subroutines is now "experimental::lexical_subs", with two colons, not "experimental:lexical_subs";

# Modules and Pragmata

## Updated Modules and Pragmata

- AutoLoader has been upgraded from version 5.72 to 5.73.

- B::Deparse has been upgraded from version 1.17 to 1.18. It no longer dies when deparsing `sort` without arguments. It now correctly omits the comma for `system $prog @args` and `exec $prog @args`.

- bignum, bigint and bigrat have been upgraded from version 0.30 to 0.31. The overrides for `hex` and `oct` have been rewritten, eliminating several problems, and making one incompatible change:

  - Formerly, whichever of `use bigint` or `use bigrat` was compiled later would take precedence over the other, causing `hex` and `oct` not to respect the other pragma when in scope.

  - Using any of these three pragmata would cause `hex` and `oct` anywhere else in the program to evalute their arguments in list context and prevent them from inferring $_ when called without arguments.

  - Using any of these three pragmata would make `oct("1234")` return 1234 (for any number not beginning with 0) anywhere in the program. Now "1234" is translated from octal to decimal, whether within the pragma's scope or not.

  - The global overrides that facilitate lexical use of `hex` and `oct` now respect any existing overrides that were in place before the new overrides were installed, falling back to them outside of the scope of `use bignum`.

  - `use bignum "hex"`, `use bignum "oct"` and similar invocations for bigint and bigrat now export a `hex` or `oct` function, instead of providing a global override.

- Carp has been upgraded from version 1.26 to 1.27. The `longmess()` and `shortmess()` functions are now documented.

- CPANPLUS has been upgraded from version 0.9131 to 0.9133.

- Data::Dumper has been upgraded from version 2.135_07 to 2.136. This promotes the previous development release to a stable release.

- Digest::SHA has been upgraded from version 5.71 to 5.72.

- ExtUtils::CBuilder has been upgraded from version 0.280208 to 0.280209. A list of symbols to export can now be passed to `link()` when on Windows, as on other OSes [perl #115100].

- feature has been upgraded from version 1.30 to 1.31.

- File::Glob has been upgraded from version 1.17 to 1.18. A space-separated list of patterns return long lists of results no longer results in memory corruption or crashes. This bug was introduced in Perl 5.16.0. [perl #114984]

- HTTP::Tiny has been upgraded from version 0.022 to 0.024. This improves SSL support.

- Module::CoreList has been upgraded from version 2.73 to 2.75.

- PerlIO::encoding has been upgraded from version 0.15 to 0.16. This is the module implementing the ":encoding(...)" I/O layer. It no longer corrupts memory or crashes when the encoding back-end reallocates the buffer or gives it a typeglob or shared hash key scalar.

- threads::shared has been upgraded from version 1.41 to 1.42. This adds support for dual-valued values as created by Scalar::Util::dualvar.

- Unicode::Collate hsa been upgraded from version 0.89 to 0.90.

- Unicode::Normalize has been upgraded from version 1.14 to 1.15.

- warnings has been upgraded from version 1.14 to 1.15.

- Win32CORE has been upgraded from version 0.03 to 0.04.

# Diagnostics

The following additions or changes have been made to diagnostic output, including warnings and fatal error messages. For the complete list of diagnostic messages, see perldiag.

## Changes to Existing Diagnostics

- The error produced when a module cannot be loaded now includes a hint that the module may need to be installed: "Can't locate hopping.pm in @INC (you may need to install the hopping module) (@INC contains: ...)"

# Utility Changes

### h2xs

- h2xs no longer produces invalid code for empty defines. [perl #20636]

# Platform Support

## Discontinued Platforms

MPE/IX

  Support for MPE/IX has been removed.

## Platform-Specific Notes

Win32

  The option to build without USE_SOCKETS_AS_HANDLES has been removed.

# Internal Changes

- Case-insensitive matching inside a [bracketed] character class with a multi-character fold, no longer excludes one of the possibilities in the circumstances that it used to. [perl #89774].

- `PL_formfeed` has been removed.

- The regular expression engine no longer reads one byte past the end of the target string. While for all internally well-formed scalars this should never have been a problem, this change facilitates clever tricks with string buffers in CPAN modules. [perl #73542]

- Inside a BEGIN block, `PL_compcv` now points to the currently-compiling subroutine, rather than the BEGIN block itself.

- `mg_length` has been deprecated.

- `sv_len` now always returns a byte count and `sv_len_utf8` a character count. Previously, `sv_len` and `sv_len_utf8` were both buggy and would sometimes returns bytes and sometimes characters. `sv_len_utf8` no longer assumes that its argument is in UTF8. Neither of these creates UTF8 caches for tied or overloaded values or for non-PVs any more.

- `sv_mortalcopy` now copies string buffers of shared hash key scalars when called from XS modules [perl #79824].

- `RXf_SPLIT` and `RXf_SKIPWHITE` are no longer used. They are now #defined as 0.

- The new `RXf_MODIFIES_VARS` flag can be set by custom regular expression engines to indicate that the execution of the regular expression may cause variables to be modified. This lets `s///` know to skip certain optimisations. Perl's own regular expression engine sets this flag for the special backtracking verbs that set $REGMARK and $REGERROR.

# Selected Bug Fixes

- A bug, case-insensitive regex with UTF8-flagged strings, introduced earlier in the 5.17 series has been fixed. [perl #114982]

- Attributes applied to lexical variables no longer leak memory. [perl #114764]

- `dump`, `goto`, `last`, `next`, `redo` or `require` followed by a bareword (or version) and then an infix operator is no longer a syntax error. It used to be for those infix operators (like `+`) that have a different meaning where a term is expected. [perl #105924]

- `require a::b . 1` and `require a::b + 1` no longer produce erroneous ambiguity warnings. [perl #107002]

- Class method calls are now allowed on any string, and not just strings beginning with an alphanumeric character. [perl #105922]

- An empty pattern created with `qr//` used in `m///` no longer triggers the "empty pattern reuses last pattern" behaviour. [perl #96230]

- Tying a hash during iteration no longer results in a memory leak.

- Freeing a tied hash during iteration no longer results in a memory leak.

- List assignment to a tied array or hash that dies on STORE no longer results in a memory leak.

- If the hint hash (`%^H`) is tied, compile-time scope entry (which copies the hint hash) no longer leaks memory if FETCH dies. [perl #107000]

- Constant folding no longer inappropriately triggers the special `split " "` behaviour. [perl #94490]

- `defined scalar(@array)`, `defined do { &foo }`, and similar constructs now treat the argument to `defined` as a simple scalar. [perl #97466]

- Running a custom debugging that defines no `*DB::DB` glob or provides a subroutine stub for `&DB::DB` no longer results in a crash, but an error instead. [perl #114990]

- `reset ""` now matches its documentation. `reset` only resets `m?...?` patterns when called with no argument. An empty string for an argument now does nothing. (It used to be treated as no argument.) [perl #97958]

- `printf` with an argument returning an empty list no longer reads past the end of the stack, resulting in erratic behaviour. [perl #77094]

- `--subname` no longer produces erroneous ambiguity warnings. [perl #77240]

- `v10` is now allowed as a label or package name. This was inadvertently broken when v-strings were added in Perl 5.6. [perl #56880]

- A regression introduced in 5.17.2 has been fixed, which made `/[\@\\]||/` result in a "panic" error. [perl #115050]

- `length`, `pos`, `substr` and `sprintf` could be confused by ties, overloading, references and typeglobs if the stringification of such changed the internal representation to or from UTF8. [perl #114410]

- utf8::encode now calls FETCH and STORE on tied variables. utf8::decode now calls STORE (it was already calling FETCH).

- `$tied =~ s/$non_utf8/$utf8/` no longer loops infinitely if the tied variable returns a Latin-1 string, shared hash key scalar, or reference or typeglob that stringifies as ASCII or Latin-1. This is a regression from 5.12.x.

- `s///` without /e is now better at detecting when it needs to forego certain optimisations, fixing some buggy cases:

  - Match variables in certain constructs (`&&`, `||`, `..` and others) in the replacement part; e.g., `s/(.)/$l{$a||$1}/g`. [perl #26986]

  - Aliases to match variables in the replacement.

  - $REGERROR or $REGMARK in the replacement. [perl #49190]

  - An empty pattern (`s//$foo/`) that causes the last-successful pattern to be used, when that pattern contains code blocks that modify the variables in the replacement.

- The taintedness of the replacement string no longer affects the taintedness of the return value of `s///e`.

- The `$|` autoflush variable is created on-the-fly when needed. If this happened (e.g., if it was mentioned in a module or eval) when the currently-selected filehandle was a typeglob with an empty IO slot, it used to crash. [perl #115206]

- Line numbers at the end of a string eval are no longer off by one. [perl #114658]

- @INC filters (subroutines returned by subroutines in @INC) that set $_ to a copy-on-write scalar no longer cause the parser to modify that string buffer in place.

- `length($object)` no longer returns the undefined value if the object has string overloading that returns undef. [perl #115260]

- The use of `PL_stashcache`, the stash name lookup cache for method calls, has been restored,

  Commit da6b625f78f5f133 in August 2011 inadvertently broke the code that looks up values in `PL_stashcache`. As it's a only cache, quite correctly everything carried on working without it.

# Acknowledgements

Perl 5.17.5 represents approximately 4 weeks of development since Perl 5.17.4 and contains approximately 17,000 lines of changes across 310 files from 32 authors.

Perl continues to flourish into its third decade thanks to a vibrant community of users and developers. The following people are known to have contributed the improvements that became Perl 5.17.5:

Aaron Crane, Adrian M. Enache, Andy Dougherty, Brad Gilbert, Chris 'BinGOs' Williams, Colin Kuskie, Craig A. Berry, Daniel Dragan, David Golden, David Mitchell, Dominic Hargreaves, Eric Brine, Father Chrysostomos, Florian Ragwitz, H.Merijn Brand, James E Keenan, Jerry D. Hedden, Jesse Luehrs, Karl Williamson, Nicholas Clark, Niko Tyni, Paul Johnson, Peter Martini, Reini Urban, Ricardo Signes, Ruslan Zakirov, Sawyer X, Smylers, Steffen Müller, Steve Hay, Tony Cook, Yves Orton.

The list above is almost certainly incomplete as it is automatically generated from version control history. In particular, it does not include the names of the (very much appreciated) contributors who reported issues to the Perl bug tracker.

Many of the changes included in this version originated in the CPAN modules included in Perl's core. We're grateful to the entire CPAN community for helping Perl to flourish.

For a more complete list of all of Perl's historical contributors, please see the AUTHORS file in the Perl source distribution.

# Reporting Bugs

If you find what you think is a bug, you might check the articles recently posted to the comp.lang.perl.misc newsgroup and the perl bug database at http://rt.perl.org/perlbug/ . There may also be information at http://www.perl.org/ , the Perl Home Page.

If you believe you have an unreported bug, please run the perlbug program included with your release. Be sure to trim your bug down to a tiny but sufficient test case. Your bug report, along with the output of `perl -V`, will be sent off to perlbug@perl.org to be analysed by the Perl porting team.

If the bug you are reporting has security implications, which make it inappropriate to send to a publicly archived mailing list, then please send it to perl5-security-report@perl.org. This points to a closed subscription unarchived mailing list, which includes all the core committers, who will be able to help assess the impact of issues, figure out a resolution, and help co-ordinate the release of patches to mitigate or fix the problem across all platforms on which Perl is supported. Please only use this address for security issues in the Perl core, not for modules independently distributed on CPAN.

# SEE ALSO

The Changes file for an explanation of how to view exhaustive details on what changed.

The INSTALL file for how to build Perl.

The README file for general stuff.

The Artistic and Copying files for copyright information.